There are four general types of brake pads for cars and trucks:
Semimetallic:
This formula, containing about 30 to 65 percent metal, typically
includes chopped steel wool or wire, iron powder, copper or graphite
mixed with inorganic fillers, and friction modifiers that bond all the
ingredients together. These pads are more durable and have excellent
heat transfer, but also wear down rotors faster, can be noisy, and may
not perform optimally at low temperatures.
Nonasbestos organic:
Sometimes listed as organic or NAO, this type of pad is made from
fibers, such as glass, rubber, carbon, and Kevlar, with filler materials
and high-temperature resins. These pads are softer and create less
noise, but they wear faster and create more dust.
Low-metallic NAO:
These are made from an organic formula mixed with small amounts (10 to
30 percent) of copper or steel to help with heat transfer and provide
better braking. With the added metal, there is more brake dust and they
may be slightly noisier.
Ceramic:
These are composed of ceramic fibers, nonferrous filler materials,
bonding agents, and possibly small amounts of metal. Lighter in color
and more expensive than other brake pads, ceramic pads are cleaner and
quieter, and offer excellent braking characteristics without wearing
down the rotors.
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